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Closet drama
A closet drama is a play that is not intended to be performed onstage, but read by a solitary reader or, sometimes, out loud in a small group. A related form, the closet screenplay, developed during the twentieth century. The dichotomy between private 'closet' drama (designed for reading) and public 'stage' drama (designed for performance in a commercial theater setting) dates from the late eighteenth century.〔Straznicky, Marta. 'Closet Drama.' In Arthur F. Kinney (ed.), ''A Companion to Renaissance Drama'', p. 416. Oxford: Blackwell, 2008.〕 The practice of circulating plays in written form (printed or handwritten) for literary audiences predates this period, however.
== Definition ==
Any drama in a written form that does not depend to any significant degree upon improvisation for its effect can be read as literature without being performed. Closet dramas (or closet plays)〔Burroughs, Catherine B. ''Closet Stages: Joanna Baillie and the Theater Theory of British Romantic Women Writers,'' pp. 14-16. University of Pennsylvania Press, 1997.〕 are traditionally defined in narrower terms as belonging to a genre of dramatic writing unconcerned with stage technique and seldom (if ever) produced for the stage. "Although the term sometimes carries a negative connotation, implying that such works either lack sufficient theatrical qualities to warrant staging or require theatrical effects beyond the capacity of most (if not all) theaters, closet dramas through the ages have had a variety of dramatic features and purposes not tied to successful stage performance."〔Kennedy, Dennis. ''Theatre & Performance''. Oxford University Press, 2003 p.282〕 Stageability is only one aspect of closet drama: historically, playwrights might choose the genre of 'closet' dramatic writing to avoid censorship of their works, for example in the case of political tragedies.〔Aebischer, Pascale. ''Jacobean Drama,'' p. 97. Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.〕 Closet drama has also been used as a mode of dramatic writing for those without access to the commercial playhouse, and in this context has become closely associated with early modern women's writing.〔Straznicky, 'Closet Drama,' p. 416; Aebischer, ''Jacobean Drama,'' p. 97.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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